Abstract


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 <h1>Abstract</h1>
 Disease survey revealed a total of 64 pathogenic diseases affecting different species of bamboos and rattans in nurseries, plantations and natural stands. Altogether 56 pathogens were associated with these diseases, of which 31 are new pathogen records for bamboos and 16 for rattans, including 13 hitherto undescribed species; 24 species are first record from India. In bamboos, thirteen seedling diseases affect both bareroot as well as container seedlings at different growth phases. One disease, seedling foliage striping and stunting was of unknown etiology and suspected possibly caused by a virus. Rhizoctonia solani is the most dominant nursery pathogen, causing four diseases viz. damping-off, seedling spear rot, seedling wilt and web blight. Amongthe foliage diseases affecting nursery seedlings, leaf rust caused by Dasturella divina was widespread in occurrence as it was recorded on seedlings of almost all the bamboo species raised in nurseries in the State. Bipolaris maydis, B. urochloae and Bipolaris sp. caused leaf blight; Exserohilum holmii and E. rostratum caused leaf spots on various species of bamboos. Some of the leaf spot diseases of minor importance were caused by Dactylaria sp., Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Alternaria alternata andCuroularia pallescens. Seedling rhizome rot of B. bambos caused by Rhizostilbella hibisci state of Nectria mauritiicola was recorded in container seedlings. Leaf striping and stunting disease, the symptoms of which were found characteristic of those produced by a virus, occurred in B. bambos seedlings. In bamboo plantations and natural stands, a total of 28 pathogenic diseases caused by 35 fungi and one mycoplasma-like organism (MLO) were recorded. Rhizome bud rot caused by Pythium middletonii occurred exclusively in young plantations, while witches' broom caused by Balansia linearis and little leaf disease caused by MLO were recorded only in natural stands. Rot of emerging culms caused by Fusarium moniliforme var. intermedium and rot of growing culms caused by F.equiseti occurred both in plantations and natural stands and was widespread in the State. Die-back of branches caused by Fusarium pallidoroseum, thread blight caused by Botryobasidium salmonicolor affecting foliage, culms and branches, foliage blight caused by Bipolaris maydis and Bipolaris sp. and Dasturella divina, causing leaf rust, were recorded in bamboo plantations as well as natural stands. Basal culm decay and withering caused by Ganoderma lucidum and Amylosporus campbelli, and culm staining and die-back caused by Apiospra sp. occurred in old clumps in natural stands and plantations. In rattans, altogether 11 seedling diseases were recorded both in bareroot as well as container nurseries with which 13 fungi were associated. Seedlingcollar rot caused by R. solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, F. longipes and seedling blight caused by Guignardia calami were the economically important nursery diseases. Among the seven leaf spot diseases caused by C. gloeosporioides, B. ellisii, Corynespora cassicola, A. alternata, Pestalotiopsis theae, Curvularia lunata and Phomopsis sp., leaf infection caused by C. gloeosporioides was widespread and occurred in most of the rattan species
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